Chromatography works by separating the individual parts of a mixture so that each one can be analyzed and identified. With the help of analytical technique of chromatography, scientists can separate chemical compounds from complex mixtures. These mixtures include diverse things as cigarette smoke, smog, petroleum products, and even the delicious aroma of coffee. Chromatography is an analytical technique that is used for separation of components in a mixture. The components of the mixture are separated on the basis of their different interactions with stationary and mobile phase. Chromatography is most power full analytical tool to identity the components present in the mixture. Liquid and gas chromatography techniques are the major types of chromatography system.
Russian botanist Mikhail Semenovich Tsvett invented the first chromatograph. Almost 60% of the chemical analysis across the globe is performed with chromatography or a variation thereon. Chromatography is used in different ways by many different users.
Chromatography in Hospital and Research
Prime areas of application in medicine-
Chromatography technique, is, undoubtedly, an essential tool for biochemists. It can also be applied effortlessly during the studies performed in the clinical laboratories. One best instance is the paper chromatography. It is used to define the varied types of amino acids and sugar in bodily fluids which are connected with the hereditary metabolic disorders. Laboratories use gas chromatography to measure barbiturates, steroids, and lipids. Chromatography is also used in the separation process of proteins and vitamins.
Chromatography in Pharmaceutical Industry-
Chromatography takes a vital role in many pharmaceutical industries. It helps the environmental testing laboratories in identifying tiny quantities of pollutants such as PCBs in pesticides, and waste oil. The Agency applies the chromatography process to test the drinking water and to monitor the quality of air. Pharmaceutical industries depend on this method both to prepare huge quantities of excessively pure materials, and also to analyze the purified compounds for tracing the contaminants.
Chromatography in Agriculture and Food
Spoilage identification-
Defining the amount of organic acids in foods provides the most essential information about the quality of foods. Chromatography is broadly used in the field of food-flavor studies. It is also used to identify any type of decomposition in foods. With the help of column chromatography, the spoilage indicators such as pyruvic acid in milk can be detected and calculated. Pyruvic acid content is a measure of psychrotropic bacteria found in milk.
This method of separation is also used to evaluate the total organic acid profile of milk and to measure lactose, specifying the amount of sweetness in milk. Compared with techniques such as bacterial plating, Chromatography is a fast process of analysis which may deliver swift result. Rapid process of analysis is essential in preventing the outburst of spoilage in the food industry and thus diminishing possible health risks.
Defining nutritional quality of food-
Vitamin C diminution in foods can be seen as a sign of depletion of the other nutrients also. Therefore, column chromatography is used during all the stages of food processing to scrutinize the vitamin C content of foods and beverages. This analysis can be processed in complex samples by promptly using modern acid analysis columns amalgamated with electrochemical detection. This technique is used to identify vitamin C in powdered drinks, juices, and both frozen and fresh fruits and vegetables.
Additive Identification-
Additives are the substances added to foods to preserve their flavors, to enhance its taste or to give them an attractive visual appeal. For instance, apple juice naturally contains malic acid which makes it more difficult to detect the presence of added malic acid in apple juice. Chromatography was used to detect and quantify fumaric acid in apple juice which has yielded successful results.
Recent Developments and Future Perspective-
With the recent developments in the chromatography systems market, companies are seen to be engaged in product developments and joint ventures. The key players for the Chromatography Systems Market include-
• Shimadzu Corporation
• Agilent Technologies Inc.
• PerkinElmer Inc.
• JASCO Inc.
• Novasep Holding
• Pall Corporation
• Thermo Fisher Scientific
• GE Healthcare
• GL Sciences Inc.
• Waters Corporation
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